Material characterization tests provide critical data, such as tensile strength (measured in MPa), hardness (e.g., Vickers or Brinell scale), and thermal conductivity (W/m·K). For example, steel exhibits a tensile strength ranging from 400 to 550 MPa, while copper’s thermal conductivity is approximately 400 W/m·K, making it ideal for heat exchangers.

Dimensional tests ensure materials and components meet precise size and shape specifications. These tests verify tolerances, such as length, width, diameter, and thickness, using tools like calipers and micrometers (e.g., ±0.01 mm accuracy). They help maintain consistency, quality, and fit in manufacturing processes.

Color measurement tests using spectrophotometers ensure accurate color consistency across materials and products. These tests quantify color in terms of spectral data and color spaces like CIELAB, detecting even minor deviations (∆E) to maintain brand standards and product quality.

Material characterization tests provide precise data on the properties of materials, such as tensile strength (e.g., steel: 400–550 MPa), hardness (e.g., aluminum: 70–160 HV), and thermal conductivity (e.g., copper: ~400 W/m·K). These tests ensure materials meet quality standards and perform reliably in their intended applications.